Essay on The New Deals Failure to Aid African Americans

The New Deals Failure to Aid African Americans President Roosevelts New Deal program during the 1930s failed to aid impoverished African-American citizens. The New Deal followed a long, historical chronology of American failures in attempts to ensure economic prosperity and racial equality. During the nearly seventy years after the conclusion of the Civil War, the United States faced a series of economic depressions, unmotivated Congress, and a series of mediocre presidents. With the exception of Teddy Roosevelt, few presidents were able to enact anti-depression mechanisms and minimize unemployment. The America of the 1920s was a country at its lowest economic and social stature facing a terrible depression and increasing†¦show more content†¦Instead, most early New Deal programs specifically sanctioned discrimination against African-Americans. Furthermore, political fortitude to enact civil rights legislation and put an end to racial discrimination did not exist during the New Deal era. Just prior to the New Deal, unemployment steadily rose, while the Hoover administration paid little attention to the plight of the jobless and poor. President Hoover ran for re-election and tried to assure the voters with the slogan, prosperity is just around the corner. However, the following unemployment figures, published by the Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, indicated significant national unemployment, particularly for African-Americans: According to the 1930 census, 37 percent of working African-Americans were employed as agricultural laborers and 29 percent as personal-service and domestic workers. Only 2 percent were classified as professionals (lawyers, doctors, teachers and clergy)#8230;Unemployment increased rapidly in the early 1930s. It was thought that approximately 15 percent of the workforce were unemployed in 1930. African-American organizations estimated that the percentage of unemployed black workers was at least twice the rate of the country as a whole.3 A president who pledged to put the nation back together was what America yearned for. FDR appealed to theShow MoreRelatedFranklin Roosevelts New Deal1672 Words   |  7 Pages The date is March 12, 1933. Ordinary Americans and their families sit together in their living rooms as they turn the knob on their radios. The words â€Å"Good evening, my friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  echo audibly over the static and ambient noise, and the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt informs the nation of his New Deal and planned solutions to the problems of post-Depression America. He speaks warmly and directly, addressing the American people â€Å"you† and himself â€Å"I†. 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Sull and Charles Spinosa The most vexing leadership challenges stem from broken or poorly crafted commitments between employees and colleagues, customers, or other stakeholdersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespublication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 MANGGEN ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. LeadershipRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesauthors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. 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Effective Communication - 2513 Words

INTRODUCTION†¦ Communication has existed since the beginning of human beings, but it was not until the 20th century that people began to study the process. As communication technologies developed, so did the theories. Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology is the study of human behaviour, Sociology is the study of society and social process, and anthropology is the study of communication as a factor which develops, maintains, and changes culture. Communication studies focus on communication as central to the human experience, which involves understanding how people behave in creating, exchanging, and†¦show more content†¦Hence the regular confirmation we all make over the telephone to assure our contact (sender) that stills we are paying attention, Such as â€Å"no† â€Å"exactly†, â€Å"no†. CIRCUIT THEORY Communications are achieved with positive relationships and job satisfaction of employees through understanding and discussion. It assumes that communicating is grounded in mutual understanding. Problems arise because of the negative view that understanding will lead to agreement and that this understanding should be the sole goal of communications. Key terms - Networking, going with the flow and making connections †¢ Emphases †¢ Feedback over response †¢ Relationship over content †¢ Process over purpose †¢ Understanding over compliance Effectiveness – Actively listen to employees in order to make them happy. – Sensitive employee needs – Open to employees Circuit Breakers – Poor climate – Misunderstanding – Hidden agendas Accoutrements – Change initiation – Sources of innovation – Direction of communication Evaluation Understanding = Effective Comm. 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Analyzing Supply Chain Management System of Adidas

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing Supply Chain Management System of Adidas. Answer: Introduction The report aims to discuss about the supply chain management system of Adidas by analyzing its internal operations. The key flows in supply chain would be discussed to understand the product flow, cash, flow, information flow and return flow of Adidas shoes. The report would evaluate the existing processes of the company to assess their effectiveness of operations. Further, production process would be studies to understand the scheduling process and material requirement planning process of the company. This would helps to understand how effectively the company has incorporated the production process to reduce the cost of the products and services. Lastly, different supply chain forecasting methods would be analyzed in order to identify a suitable model for supply chain of Adidas. After performing the complete analysis of companys supply chain management system and different forecasting methods, appropriate recommendations would be provided to improve the supply chain management process of the company. The reason for selecting the suitable forecasting model would also be justified with the appropriate explanation. Adidas AG is a German based multinational corporation that manufacturers shoes, clothes and accessories. The company is the second largest manufacturer in the world after Nike Inc. The company is known for the production of sports and athletes wear. The company designs and produces sports shoes, running shoes, apparels and accessories for men women (Adidas Group, 2017). Adidas has established its global sales and distribution network through strategic supplier relationship. The company has suppliers on more than sixty three countries spread all over the world (Adidas Group, 2017). Key Flows in Supply Chain Adidas has developed an effective product flow within its supply chain management process. Demand planning and production planning ensures that an optimum number of shoes are being produced within the factories. Adidas has its factories all over the world but most of its products are outsourced from 1200 factories located in different parts of the world (Adidas Group, 2017). The major outsourcing countries are China, Indonesia, India and Vietnam. Thus, the shoes are firstly developed within one of these production factories. The finished goods are stored for sometime within the inventory of production houses. Once the consignment is complete, the shoes get transported to the large warehouses of the company. The product then moves to wholesalers warehouses as an inventory hold. From wholesalers warehouse, the product moves to the retailers warehouse and then gets distributed among the retail outlets of Adidas. The cross docking reduces time in retailers warehouse. The time interval be tween transportation of goods from retailers warehouse to retail outlets increases the sales and turnover of the company (Adidas Group, 2017). The demand planning process of supply chain management does statistical forecasts by collecting customer specific information from the order history. The results obtained from demand planning process helps in supply planning process that comprises of production planning. Once the production planning process complete, the information moves to manufacturing process in which detailed production schedule is laid out to start the production process (Adidas Group, 2017). The information moves from manufacturing department to distribution department for inventory deployment, inventory storage and customer order fulfillment. The information flow system of supply chain management of Adidas ensures that every department receives the required information on time and the sequence of information is also being maintained. Since Adidas operates globally and has huge sales and distribution network, therefore, any single loss of information would affect the entire supply chain management (Adidas Grou p, 2017). The cash flow takes place from the hands of consumer to the retailer through invoicing system that could be electronic or cash. The retailer receives an invoice from the distributor of the company and cash flows from the hands of retailer to distributor (Adidas Group, 2017). From the distributor, the cash flows to the manufacturer who has an agreement with the suppliers. The returned products travel from the hands of consumers to retailers and are received by the company in case of any defects. Adidas has very effective return policies to ensure consumer rights are not being violated. Sustainability is essential for a companys supply chain process to protect environmental, social and economic laws of a country. The process of manufacturing shoes makes use of toxic chemical that pollutes the environment. Further, water is an essential component of manufacturing of shoes and if used in greater quantity could lead to scarcity of drinking water. Thus, Adidas must introduce a mechanism to reduce the carbon emission in the air and minimize the use of water in the process. Develop products that can be recycled: The company could produce products that do not require chemicals and adhesives, thus, no waste would be liberated. (Kaye, 2013) The shoes could also be recycled repeatedly and thus, would not create threat to product disposal (Jervell, 2015). Production Process Adidas has vertically integrated model to manufacture its footwear. There are two stages of production named as primary and transformation stage. In primary process, the raw material is sourced from the different places such as organic cotton, recycled polyester, rubber, PVC, phthalates and leather (SGS, 2014). The procured raw material is received by the factories to start the transformation process. Firstly, the machine crushes and cuts the leather into different shapes of shoes like cookie cutters. The middle portion of shoes and shoe holder of shoe is built through cutting machine that is attached to the bottom part of shoe. After that, the sole and bottom shoe portion is attached to the upper sole portion and then it is heated using a plastic mold. Adidas has implemented cold cement construction process to develop high quality shoes. Thus, the overall process includes coupling toe-puff, back part molding, insole tacking, roughing up, toe lasting, heel/side lasting, ironing scour ing/roughing, gluing, attaching and finishing (Eryilmaz, 2012). The manufacturing process involves various stages including demand estimation, aggregated capacity planning, master operations schedule, short term re-scheduling, rough cut capacity planning and prioritizing and control (Eryilmaz, 2012). The process also involves capacity requirement and availability planning to comply with the market demands. The raw material must also arrive at an appropriate time and in appropriate quantities to meet the demand of production (Eryilmaz, 2012). Further, optimized utilization of capital, equipments and facilities is also equally important to minimize the cost of product. Adidas also maintains the inventory, work in progress along with finished goods at every location. There are four main processes in planning and control includes scheduling, loading, sequencing, monitoring and control. This is established through an effective value chain and Enterprise Resource Planning (Roscoe Baker, 2013). In order to achieve low cost production process, Adidas would have to invest large amount of money into research and development to develop fully automated production process. With the emerging technology, Speedfactory has become the need of the hour through which shoes can be produced within fraction of the traditional production time of shoes (Henkel, 2016). The increasing digitalization process compiled with research and development would make the fully automatic production possible. In order to implement automated production process, the company would have to check the availability of raw materials in the market. The process would reduce production and transportation time of products. Since with the changing market demands, the consumer do not have the patience to wait for the arrival of new products and Speedfactory would be a digitalized solution for it. Further, the process would also make the production process more flexible as the shoes would be produced at the locations that are nearby to the consumers. Supply Chain Forecasting Demand forecasting is a process to estimate the sales demand for a particular product using scientific methods. There are around seven methods of demand forecasting that could be applied depending upon the circumstances such as forecasting purpose, availability of data, time frame and other exterior factors. The different methods are illustrated below: This method involves estimating the demand of product in future by directly asking the customer about their purchase intentions in the future (Lambert, 2008). This could be done through polls, survey, group interview and some other methods of data collection. The method fails to forecast the demand in many situations because the customers are unable to foretell the future demands. This method is deployed by the salesmen of a company. The salesman interacts with the customers on day to day basis and has a better understanding of their needs and requirement (Lambert, 2008). Thus, estimates from all the salesmen are collected to forecast the future demand of consumers. The method helps to collect the data related to consumer behavior with the changing product prices and design, income distribution, purchasing power and population. The method helps to analyze the time series and projects the trend based on time series. The suggestions from executives of different department (marketing, finance, production operations, HR) are gathered to project the future demand (Lambert, 2008). The method is simple and easy to implement. This method takes into consideration construction contracts, personal income, agricultural income and automobile registration to analyze the demand for cement, consumer goods, agricultural imports, and car parts and petrol (Thomopoulos, 2014). The analyst establishes a relationship between the indicator and product sales to project the estimated future sales. This method makes use of regression equation to determine the demand by taking one individual factor and assuming the other factors to be constant (Thomopoulos, 2014). This one single factor is applied to different markets to construe the estimates. The opinions and suggestions of experts is considered to forecast the demand of product. Recommendations After studying various types of forecasting methods, the appropriate method for Adidas supply chain management would be trend projection so that a demand driven supply chain could be established. The trend projection method would help the company to forecast the demand which is adequate to meet the demand of customers. The demand driven method helps to slow down the production method when the forecasted demand is low as compared to previous year (Lipton, 2013). Alternatively, the production process becomes faster and the number of quantity of products is increased when the demand forecasted is high. The method would help the company to provide real time demand figures so as to meet the demand of the consumers. Visibility, coordination, infrastructure and optimization are the four pillars of demand driven process. Visibility helps to develop a transparent business process, infrastructure support flexible production process to meet the demand of consumer, coordination among the team me mbers ensure effective operations and optimization ensures satisfying the customers through great customer services (BCG, 2017). Conclusion The report has thus, successfully analyzed the supply chain management process of Adidas. The company has an effective product flow beginning from the production process to the hands of consumer. The product is manufactured by considering the demand forecast and planning process of supply chain to meet the demand of the consumers. The information flows from one process to another process to ensure connectivity within the processes. The history of customer is taken to forecast the demand for future. The information flows effectively from demand planning process to production process to produce the appropriate quantity of Adidas shoes. Cash flows from the hands of consumers to hands of manufacturers. In order to improve the overall process, the company must incorporate sustainable practices. The recommended sustainable practices were reducing carbon emission and toxic waste by developing recycled products. The company has implemented cold cement construction process that includes coupling toe-puff, back part molding, insole tacking, roughing up, toe lasting, heel/side lasting, ironing scouring/roughing, gluing, attaching and finishing tasks. There are four main processes in planning and control includes scheduling, loading, sequencing, monitoring and control that is established through an effective value chain and Enterprise Resource Planning. The recommendations were to use fully automated production system to reduce the overall cost of production. Trend projection forecasting method was suggested to the company to develop demand driven supply chain system. This was evaluated to provide real time figures to the company through its four pillars of visibility, coordination, infrastructure and optimization. References Adidas Group. (2017). Supply Chain Structure. Retrieved from: https://www.adidas-group.com/en/sustainability/compliance/supply-chain-structure/ BCG. (2017). Demand driven supply chain. Retrieved from: https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/supply_chain_management_sourcing_procurement_demand_driven_supply_chain/?chapter=2 Eryilmaz, M.S., Kusakci, A.O., Gavranovic, H., Findik, F. (2012). Analysis Of Shoe Manufacturing Factory By Simulation Of Production Processes. Southeast Europe Journal of Soft Computing, 1(1), 120-127. Henkel, R. (2016). Adidas Speedfactory: Fully Automated Shoe Production. Retrieved from: https://www.ispo.com/en/trends/id_77829550/adidas-speedfactory-fully-automated-shoe-production.html Jervell, E.E. (2015). Adidas Moves to Address Environmental Worries. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/adidas-moves-to-address-environmental-worries-1443075134 Kaye, L. (2013).Adidas Implements New Strategies to Lead in Supply Chain Transparency. Sustainable Brands. Retrieved from: https://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/supply_chain/adidas-implements-new-strategies-lead-supply-chain-transparency Lambert, D.M. (2008). Supply Chain Management:Processes, Partnerships, Performance. US: Supply Chain Management Inst. Lipton, M. (2013). Demand-Driven Supply Chains Are In Demand. Industry Week. Retrieved from: https://www.industryweek.com/supplier-relationships/demand-driven-supply-chains-are-demand Roscoe, S., Baker, P. (2013). Supply chain segmentation in the sporting goods industry. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 17(2), 136-155. SGS. (2014). Hazardous Chemicals In Footwear Manufacturing. Retrieved From: Http://Www.Sgs.Com/En/News/2014/06/Hazardous-Chemicals-In-Footwear-Manufacturing Thomopoulos, N.T. (2014). Demand Forecasting for Inventory Control. Illinois: Springer.